Jurnal Pemasyarakatan dan Keadilan (JPK) is a scientific journal that specifically studies correctional and legal justice studies from the national and international levels. The purpose of publishing this journal is to disseminate conceptual thoughts or ideas as well as research results that have been achieved in the field of scientific research.
The Effectiveness of Prisoner Personality Development Activities in Supporting Social Reincorporation
The correctional system in Indonesia upholds a rehabilitative and reintegrative philosophy grounded in Law No. 22 of 2022 on Corrections, which mandates every correctional institution to conduct structured personality development programs aimed at improving inmates’ quality of life and social functioning. This study examines the effectiveness of personality development activities in supporting the social reintegration of inmates at the Class IIA Correctional Institution (Lapas Kelas IIA) in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. A qualitative method with a naturalistic approach was employed, collecting data through in-depth interviews with correctional officers, counselors, and inmates, as well as direct observations and documentation analysis. The findings reveal that personality development activities encompassing religious guidance, moral counseling, and psychological counseling play a pivotal role in enhancing self-awareness, mental readiness, and the social adaptation capabilities of inmates. Inmates who actively participate in these programs demonstrate measurably positive behavioral changes and exhibit a significantly lower tendency to reoffend. Program effectiveness is further evaluated through the Prisoner Rehabilitation Assessment System (SPPN), which provides standardized and objective indicators of inmate progress. Nevertheless, implementation faces persistent challenges, including severe institutional overcapacity, a shortage of professional staff such as psychologists and counselors, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and low inmate motivation to participate meaningfully. These obstacles substantially diminish program quality and reach. It is concluded that personality development activities are considerably effective in supporting social reintegration, yet require strengthened institutional support, qualified human resources, and improved facilities to achieve optimal and sustainable outcomes.
effectiveness; personality development; prisoners; social reintegration
Copyright (c) 2026 MARIA INDAH PUSPITA NGGALA, Markus Marselinus Soge (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Smart Prison Concept as a Strategy for Modernizing the Development of Inmates in Indonesia
The Indonesian correctional system continues to face structural pressure from overcrowding, unequal service capacity, limited human resources, and the need to strengthen evidence-based rehabilitation. This article examines the concept of Smart Prison as a strategy for modernizing prisoner rehabilitation in Indonesia by integrating correctional law, data governance, digital technology, and human-rights-based prison management. The study uses normative legal research with statutory, conceptual, comparative, and policy approaches. Legal materials include Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections, Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, implementing regulations on prisoner guidance, national correctional policy documents, and international instruments including the Nelson Mandela Rules. Secondary materials consist of academic literature, official statistical reports, and comparative sources from Singapore, Europe, and other jurisdictions. The analysis shows that Smart Prison should not be reduced to surveillance technology. Its legal relevance lies in strengthening individualized rehabilitation, case management, health services, educational access, dynamic security, and post-release reintegration. However, implementation in Indonesia requires a clear legal basis, proportional data processing, algorithmic accountability, independent oversight, digital competence for correctional officers, and phased pilots based on measurable rehabilitation outcomes. The article recommends a national Smart Prison roadmap, specific implementing regulations, a technology ethics committee, public audit mechanisms, and equitable infrastructure investment.
Smart Prison; Corrections; Rehabilitation; Digital Transformation; Data Protection
Copyright (c) 2026 Mumtaz Ibrahimov (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Influence of Political Intervention on Correctional Policy in Indonesia
This research investigates how political interference has shaped the direction of correctional policy in Indonesia, placing particular emphasis on the ways in which legislative and executive branch decisions dictate the operationalization of rehabilitation programs inside penitentiary facilities. Background: Despite the considerable changes brought about by the enactment of Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections, Indonesia's prison system continues to be constrained by entrenched political pressures that obstruct the genuine provision of rehabilitative justice. Purpose of the Study: The study sets out to measure how deeply political forces—including legislative lobbying efforts, the allocation of public budgets, and the scope of executive discretionary power—penetrate the processes of correctional policymaking and determine their eventual results. Methods: The research employs a normative juridical framework as its primary approach, bolstered by empirical data gathered from correctional policy documents, transcripts of parliamentary proceedings, and firsthand interviews with correctional personnel covering the years 2019 through 2023. Results: The evidence gathered demonstrates that political considerations routinely supersede reform efforts grounded in empirical data, producing chronically overcrowded detention facilities, poorly resourced rehabilitation schemes, and uneven application of policies from one region to another. Conclusions: For correctional reform in Indonesia to take meaningful effect, it is necessary to insulate prison governance from political influence, create genuinely autonomous oversight bodies, and bring the letter and spirit of legislation into closer correspondence with actual institutional behavior.
political intervention; correctional policy; legal reform; correctional institutions; restorative justice.
Copyright (c) 2026 shavy salsa agustin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of Prisoner Guidance in the Correctional System According to Modern Criminal Law
The rehabilitation of prisoners is a fundamental component of Indonesia’s correctional system, designed to restore behavior, enhance self-reliance, and prepare inmates to reintegrate as productive members of society. This study is grounded in various challenges that hinder the effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts, including overcrowded correctional facilities, limited infrastructure, low inmate motivation, insufficient program diversity, and the lack of competent correctional officers. The research aims to evaluate the extent to which rehabilitation practices align with modern criminal law principles that emphasize rehabilitation, human rights protection, and social reintegration. This study employs a literature-based method by examining key regulations such as Law No. 22 of 2022 and Law No. 1 of 2023 alongside empirical findings from multiple correctional institutions in Indonesia. The results indicate that rehabilitation programs, both personality development and vocational training, have produced positive impacts, including behavioral change, improved social readiness, and reductions in recidivism rates in several facilities. Nevertheless, the implementation has not reached optimal effectiveness due to structural, psychological, and social constraints, particularly the persistent stigma faced by former inmates upon release. In conclusion, effective prisoner rehabilitation can only be achieved through comprehensive reforms, which include enhancing infrastructure quality, improving staff competence, implementing individualized rehabilitation approaches, utilizing digital technology, and strengthening societal support for reintegration. A humanistic, adaptive, and collaborative approach is essential to realizing a modern correctional system capable of fostering sustainable behavioral transformation.
prisoner rehabilitation, correctional system, modern criminal law, effectiveness, social reintegration
Copyright (c) 2026 Yoricho Oktamada Damanik Damanik (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Application of the Principle of Fair Trial in Criminal Procedure Practice in the Sambo Case
This study aims to analyze the implementation of the fair trial principle in the premeditated murder case involving Ferdy Sambo and to assess the extent to which procedural and substantive justice were applied at each judicial level. The research employs a qualitative method using a normative-empirical juridical approach, which examines the legal norms governing fair trial and compares them with their practical application within Indonesia’s criminal justice process. Data were obtained through a review of legislation, court decisions, legal doctrines, and analysis of official documents and media reports related to the case. The findings indicate that the fair trial principle was formally fulfilled in accordance with procedural law such as the right to legal defense, public hearings, and judicial independence. However, from a substantive perspective, the application of justice remains incomplete due to the influence of public opinion, social pressure, and perceived inconsistencies among court decisions from the district court to the Supreme Court. The lower courts’ death penalty rulings reflect a retributive conception of justice, while the Supreme Court’s decision to reduce the sentence to life imprisonment demonstrates a shift toward corrective and humanitarian justice. The study concludes that the fair trial principle in Indonesia has been implemented procedurally but still requires reinforcement in its substantive dimension to ensure that justice is not only formally executed but also genuinely experienced by all parties. Consistency in judicial decisions, stronger judicial independence, and balanced protection of both victims’ and defendants’ rights are essential to achieving a fair and dignified justice system.
Fair trial, substantive justice, procedural justice, criminal justice, Ferdy Sambo.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deni Gustiyan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Implementation of the Use of Digital Evidence in Electronic Evidence in Indonesian Criminal Procedure Law
Indonesia's criminal procedural evidence system has changed dramatically due to information technology. This paper examines the use of electronic evidence in criminal proceedings and the normative, technological, and institutional barriers that hinder its use. This study employed a normative, statutory, contextual, and case-based juridical approach. Data were obtained from a literature review of relevant laws, legal literature, and court decisions. The research findings indicate that Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE) legitimizes electronic evidence. Because the Criminal Procedure Code (KUHAP) does not specifically regulate electronic evidence, its enforcement is currently difficult. The lack of national operational standards and the weak digital forensic skills of law enforcement officers hinder the authentication and validation of digital data. To optimize the use of digital evidence, an update to the KUHAP is needed that comprehensively regulates the procedures for collecting, verifying, and presenting electronic evidence, along with strengthening human resource capacity and developing digital forensic laboratories throughout Indonesia. These reforms are expected to create a modern criminal justice system that is adaptive to technological advances and guarantees the principles of justice and legal certainty.
electronic evidence, criminal procedure law, KUHAP reform, criminal evidence
Copyright (c) 2026 Ridwan Harun (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Criminal Accountability in Corruption Crimes: Analysis of Village Fund Corruption Cases in Banyuwangi Regency
This research examines the criminal liability of perpetrators involved in village fund corruption cases in Banyuwangi Regency, focusing on a normative juridical analysis of the application of anti-corruption law and its effectiveness in preventing the misuse of public finances at the village level. The increasing number of corruption cases in village fund management has become a critical issue in Indonesia’s local governance system, particularly since the implementation of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages, which grants broad autonomy to village administrations in managing state funds. The study employs a normative legal research method using the statute approach and case approach. The data analyzed include statutory regulations, corruption court decisions, supervisory agency reports, and scholarly legal literature. The findings reveal that the elements of criminal liability for perpetrators of village fund corruption in Banyuwangi are fulfilled, both formally and materially, as stipulated in Articles 2 and 3 of Law Number 31 of 1999 in conjunction with Law Number 20 of 2001. However, the effectiveness of law enforcement remains constrained by structural and cultural obstacles, such as weak internal supervision and low legal awareness among village officials. This study emphasizes the necessity of synergizing criminal law enforcement with moral and administrative development to establish transparent, accountable, and corruption-free village financial governance.
Criminal liability, corruption crime, village funds
Copyright (c) 2026 Fayoland Trisna Alfaoundra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Integration of the Correctional Database System to Improve the Effectiveness of Prisoner Guidance in Indonesia
Transformasi digital dalam sistem pemasyarakatan di Indonesia merupakan bagian penting dari upaya reformasi birokrasi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas, transparansi, dan akuntabilitas pelayanan publik. Salah satu inovasi strategis yang dikembangkan oleh Direktorat Jenderal Pemasyarakatan adalah Sistem Database Pemasyarakatan (SDP) yang berfungsi mengintegrasikan seluruh data narapidana secara nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kontribusi integrasi SDP terhadap efektivitas pembinaan narapidana serta mengidentifikasi tantangan dalam implementasinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik studi literatur terhadap berbagai sumber ilmiah, laporan kelembagaan, dan hasil penelitian terdahulu yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SDP berperan penting dalam mempercepat layanan pembinaan, meningkatkan keakuratan data, serta memperkuat penerapan prinsip good governance di lembaga pemasyarakatan. Digitalisasi sistem ini juga mempermudah pengawasan dan evaluasi kinerja pembinaan berbasis data. Namun demikian, pelaksanaan SDP masih menghadapi kendala berupa keterbatasan infrastruktur teknologi, kebutuhan pelatihan operator, serta pentingnya menjaga perlindungan data pribadi warga binaan. Berdasarkan temuan tersebut, pengembangan SDP ke depan perlu diarahkan pada peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia, perluasan infrastruktur digital, serta integrasi antarinstansi penegak hukum guna mendukung pembinaan narapidana yang efektif, manusiawi, dan berkelanjutan.
correctional system; effectiveness; good governance; inmates; prison database system
Copyright (c) 2025 Aziz Setiyo Wibowo, Dwinandha Prima Humanika, Erwin Rudi Haryadi, Muhammad Bagus Tri Fakihudin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
An Integrative Approach to Fulfilling Child Clients' Rights: Synergy between Pekalongan Class II Correctional Center and Social Institutions
The fulfillment of the rights of correctional clients still faces serious challenges due to weak coordination between institutions, including at the Pekalongan Class II Correctional Facility. This condition often results in clients being treated merely as administrative objects, rather than as subjects with complex legal, psychological, and social needs. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of an integrative approach between the Pekalongan Correctional Facility and social institutions in strengthening clients' access to legal protection, rehabilitation, and social reintegration. A qualitative approach with a case study design was used through interviews, observations, and document reviews of assistance services. The results show that structured collaboration between Bapas Pekalongan social workers and partner social institutions, such as rehabilitation centers, psychosocial services, and economic empowerment institutions, can accelerate the assessment of clients' needs and clarify referral mechanisms. However, a number of obstacles have emerged, such as a suboptimal data collection system, limited human resource capacity, and sporadic communication. These findings emphasize that institutional synergy is a crucial foundation for the effective, humane, and sustainable fulfillment of clients' rights. The fulfillment of the rights of correctional clients still leaves fundamental problems, especially in terms of the effectiveness of assistance, the relevance of services, and the affordability of rehabilitative interventions. This is also evident at the Pekalongan Class II Correctional Facility (Bapas), which faces structural challenges in the form of limited human resources, a high workload for correctional officers, and inconsistent coordination mechanisms with partner social institutions. These conditions mean that the social reintegration process, which should be comprehensive and sustainable, does not always meet the standards for fulfilling clients' rights. In this context, an integrative approach is a strategic necessity to ensure that clients receive holistic legal, psychosocial, and socio-economic services. The study concluded that strengthening integrative mechanisms requires operational commitment, capacity building for officers, and improvements to the integrated referral system based on individual client needs.
Bapas Pekalongan, integrative approach, social institution, client rights, social reintegration.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mey Angelina Siahaan, Silvia Anggraeni, Youlicia Adifia Janis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Religious Guidance on the Emotional and Moral Intelligence of Inmatesat the Class IIB Detention Center in Bengkulu
This study aims to analyze the impact of religious guidance programs on improving the emotional and moral intelligence of inmates at the Bengkulu Class IIB Detention Center. Religious guidance is seen as a corrective strategy oriented towards behavioral change and the formation of religious character that supports social reintegration. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method, involving informants from guidance officers, religious teachers, and inmates. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation of religious activities. The results show that the religious guidance program has a significant effect on increasing self-awareness, empathy, and emotional control among inmates. In addition, the internalization of moral values through interpretation studies, lectures, and congregational worship plays an important role in changing behavioral orientation towards a more constructive direction. Religious guidance at the Bengkulu Detention Center serves not only as a spiritual means, but also as an effective rehabilitative instrument in shaping inmates with religious personalities, morals, and readiness to return to society responsibly.
religious guidance; emotional intelligence; morality; socialization; social reintegration
Copyright (c) 2026 Fakhri Zain, Iqbal Nooramru, Mujtaba Zidniy, Sofyan Khori Mahendra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Increasing Legal Awareness for Child Clients Undergoing Community Service at Manokwari I Correctional Center
Legal awareness is a fundamental aspect in the rehabilitation process for children in conflict with the law, particularly those undergoing community service as an alternative form of punishment. In practice, many children carry out community service merely as a formal obligation without understanding the legal and social responsibilities embedded within it. This study aims to analyze the efforts to enhance legal awareness among child clients at the Class I Correctional Facility (Bapas) Manokwari through guidance programs facilitated by correctional counselors. This research employs a juridical-empirical approach, combining an analysis of the legal norms governing community service with empirical data obtained through interviews, observations, and document review. The findings show that counseling methods, educational social activities, and religious-based approaches significantly contribute to improving children’s understanding of legal consequences, responsibility, and the social impact of their actions. Children who received intensive and reflective guidance demonstrated more constructive behavioral changes compared to those who experienced administrative and procedural supervision only. However, the study also identifies several obstacles, including limited human resources, insufficient family support, and weak cross-institutional collaboration. The study concludes that a humanistic and integrative mentoring approach is more effective in fostering genuine legal awareness among juvenile offenders. Therefore, a more comprehensive and sustainable guidance strategy is necessary to support community service as a rehabilitative instrument within the juvenile justice system.
judges, marriage registration, interfaith marriages, legal discoveries.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rudi Hartono, Iptu Aris Cahyo Wibowo, Samuel Yohni Calm Baransano, Aditya Reinhard Alfredo Siahaan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Assimilation of External Work: A Real Step to Realizing Superior and Socially Just Human Resources in the President's Asta Cita at the Class IIB Nunukan Prison
This study examines the implementation of the External Work Assimilation Program at Class IIB Nunukan Prison as part of a strategic effort to develop high-quality and socially just human resources, in line with the President’s Asta Cita policy direction. This program is a form of self-reliance development mandated by Law Number 22 of 2022 on Corrections, which provides inmates with opportunities to enhance their work abilities, acquire practical skills, and engage productively with the community. The study focuses on how the External Work Assimilation Program can be optimally implemented despite various limitations, such as inadequate supporting facilities, a shortage of competent supervisory officers, and societal stigma toward inmates that often hinders the reintegration process. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness, benefits, and impacts of the program implemented through the Assimilation and Education Facility (SAE) Lanuka as a model of self-reliance development. Utilizing a qualitative method with a case study approach, the data were obtained from articles, official reports, news sources, and relevant social media information. The findings indicate that the External Work Assimilation Program significantly contributes to improving inmates’ skills, productivity, and work readiness. Furthermore, the program positively influences the public image of correctional institutions through inmate involvement in agricultural, livestock, handicraft, and educational tourism activities that provide tangible value to the community. Overall, this program serves as an indicator of successful self-reliance development and represents a model that has the potential to be replicated in other correctional units.
External Work Assimilation, Corrections, SAE Lanuka, Superior Human Resources, Nunukan Prison
Copyright (c) 2025 Roberto Tonapa Lino Roberto, M. Raffi Dhanily Zain, Rafli Aldira Ramadhan, Rifqi Murtadho Senoputro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Impact of Religious Guidance on the Emotional and Moral Intelligence of Prisoners at Class IIB Bengkulu Prison
Religious guidance serves as a vital rehabilitative strategy in reshaping the moral and emotional character of inmates within correctional institutions. This study aims to analyze the impact of religious guidance programs on the emotional and moral intelligence of inmates at the Bengkulu Class IIB Detention Center. Employing a qualitative approach with a case study design, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation involving correctional officers, religious instructors, and inmates. The findings reveal that religious guidance significantly enhances inmates’ self-awareness, emotional regulation, empathy, and moral commitment. Activities such as Qur’anic exegesis sessions, routine religious study groups, collective dhikr, and congregational worship function as reflective spaces that help inmates manage guilt, regulate negative emotions, develop discipline, and improve social interactions. The internalization of religious values contributes to shaping more constructive behavioral orientations and strengthens inmates’ readiness for social reintegration upon release. Overall, the study affirms that religious guidance is not merely ritualistic practice but a comprehensive rehabilitative mechanism that integrates spiritual, emotional, and moral dimensions, effectively preparing inmates to become more ethical, adaptive, and responsible individuals in their post-incarceration social life.
religious guidance; emotional intelligence; morality; socialization; social reintegration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fakhri Zain, Iqbal Nooramru, Mujtaba Zidniy, Sofyan Khori Mahendra (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Remission Granting for Terrorism Case Inmates at Class IIB Tulungagung Prison
The granting of remissions to terrorism convicts in Indonesia is a complex issue because it concerns the rights of convicts, national security, and justice for victims. This study begins with the question of how the mechanism, legal basis, and implementation of remissions for terrorism convicts are applied in the context of modern correctional facilities. The purpose of this study is to analyze the policy of granting remissions by highlighting substantive and administ The granting of sentence remission to terrorism convicts in Indonesia is a complex issue because it involves prisoners’ rights, national security, and justice for victims. This complexity gives rise to problems related to the mechanism, legal basis, and implementation of remission for terrorism convicts within the context of the modern correctional system. The objective of this study is to analyze the policy on granting remission in terms of substantive and administrative requirements, as well as to examine the effectiveness of deradicalization programs as a prerequisite for terrorism inmates (terrorist prisoners) who receive remission. The research employs a qualitative method with a normative juridical approach and a case study at Class IIB Tulungagung Correctional Facility. Data were collected through the examination of legal documents, official reports from the Directorate General of Corrections, data from the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT), and coverage from credible media outlets. The findings indicate that remission for terrorism convicts at Tulungagung Correctional Facility is granted after the fulfillment of administrative requirements, participation in deradicalization programs, and the declaration of allegiance to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). The case of an inmate with the initials WD, who received additional remission and was fully released in March 2024, serves as evidence of the implementation of this policy. However, the study also identifies challenges, including the lack of uniform standards for deradicalization assessment, limited public transparency, and weak post-release supervision. The study concludes that the granting of remission to terrorism convicts needs to be balanced with nationally standardized and measurable assessment guidelines, greater information transparency, and an integrated supervision system in order to maintain equilibrium between prisoners’ rights and public security. rative requirements, and to examine the effectiveness of the deradicalization program as a prerequisite for convicts receiving remissions. The method used is a qualitative-descriptive approach with a case study at the Class IIB Tulungagung Prison, through a review of legal documents, official reports from the Directorate General of Corrections, data from the National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT), and credible media coverage. The results show that remissions for terrorism convicts in Tulungagung Prison are granted after fulfilling administrative requirements, participating in the deradicalization program, and reciting a pledge of allegiance to the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The case of convict WD, who received a follow-up remission and was released in March 2024, serves as evidence of the implementation of this policy. However, the study also identified challenges such as a lack of uniform deradicalization assessment standards, minimal public transparency, and weak post-release oversight. The study's conclusion emphasizes that granting remissions to convicted terrorists must be balanced with measurable national assessment guidelines, information transparency, and an integrated oversight system to maintain a balance between inmates' rights and public safety.
deradicalization; correctional facility; remission; terrorism
Copyright (c) 2026 Aset Panjisetio, Fengky Anardo, Marshal Muchtadin, Arlingga Abintana, Umar Anwar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Judicial Review of Judges in Considering "Interfaith Marriages from an Objective Sociological Perspective" (Determination Study Number: 155/Pdt.P/2023/Pn.Jkt.Pst)
Ali, Ahmad. Menguak Teori Hukum (Legal Theory) Dan Teori Peradilan (Judicial Prudence). Jakarta: Grup Media Prenada, 2009. Ana Fitriani. “Tren Pernikahan Beda Agama Meningkat, Kemajuan Atau Kemunduran?!” Halo Kaltim, 2023. https://halokaltim.id/2023/08/12/tren-pernikahan-beda-agama-meningkat-kemajuan-atau-kemunduran/. Angraeni, Astri. “Bukti Dalam Proses Peradilan Perdata.” Hukum, Fakultas Islam, Universitas Agung, Sultan, 2024. Asshiddiqie, Jimly. “Konstitusi Dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia,” 2020, 2009–15. Beddu, Muhammad Juni. “Praktek Nikah Beda Agama Di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Islam.” Al-‘Adalah: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum Islam 8, no. 2 (2023): 330–43. Efendi, Roni. “Perkawinan Beda Agama Dalam Paradigma Sosiological Jurisprudence.” Islam, Jurnal Hukum 05, no. 0 (2020): 49–56. Indonesia, Mahkamah Agung. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1400 K/Pdt/1986 Kasus Perkawinan Beda Agama Andy Vonny Giani P. vs Andrianus Petrus Hendrik Nelwan (1986). Kusumohamidjojo, B. Kebhinnekaan Masyarakat Indonesia: Suatu Problematik Filsafat Kebudayaan. Jakarta: Grasindo, 2000. Laplata, W. “Pelaksanaan Perkawinan Beda Agama Dalam Perspektif Yuridis (Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Negeri Surakarta).” Jurnal Jurisprudence 4, no. 2 (2014): 75–84. Marwan, Andi, Nabila Mardiah, Muhammad Valiyyul Haqq, and Muhammad Nur. “Interfaith Marriage in the Perspective of Positive Law : A Comparative Legal Analysis of Indonesia and Malaysia” 1, no. 3 (2025): 2021–26. Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. 4th ed. Kencana, 2008. Moerad, Pontang. Pembentukan Hukum Melalui Putusan Pengadilan Dalam Perkara Pidana. Bandung: Alumni, 2005. Muharrir, Jefrie Maulana, and Muhammad Nahyan Zulfikar. “Kekuatan Hukum Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Tentang Petunjuk Bagi Hakim Dalam Mengadili Perkara Permohonan Pencatatan Perkawinan Antar-Umat Yang Berbeda Agama Dan Kepercayaan.” JurnalIus Civile (Refleksi Penegakan Hukum Dan Keadilan) Prodi Ilmu Hukum Universitas Teuku Umar 7, no. 2 (2023): 70–81. Mursalin, Ayub. “Legalitas Perkawinan Beda Agama : Mengungkap Disparitas Putusan Pengadilan Di Indonesia.” Undang Jurnal Hukum 6, no. 1 (2023): 113–50. https://doi.org/10.22437/ujh.6.1.113-150. Mustaqim, Arif. “Perkawinan Usia Dini.” Pengadilan Ahama Brebes Kelas IA Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia, 2025. https://pa-brebes.go.id/rev/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=291&catid=155&Itemid=547#:~:text=Menurut UU No. 1 Tahun,berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa. Padli Yannor. “Menelaah Perkawinan Beda Agama Menurut Hukum Positif.” Laut, JDIH Kabupaten Tanah, 2020. Putro, Widodo Dwi. Metode Penelitian Hukum: Konstelasi Dan Refleksi. Edited by Sidharta Sulistyowati Irianto. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2009. Ramadhani, Irwan, and Nahrowi Nahrowi. “Penemuan Hukum Hakim Terhadap Pemberian Izin Pernikahan Beda Agama.” Al-Syakhsiyyah: Journal of Law & Family Studies 5, no. 1 (2023): 35. https://doi.org/10.21154/syakhsiyyah.v5i1.6297. Rasjidi, Lili, S.Sos, IB Wyasa Putra. Hukum Sebagai Suatu Sistem. Remaja Rosdakarya, 1993. Republik Indonesia. Undang-undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan (1974). https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-ix.215.112a. Rights, United for Human. “Marriage and Family.” Youth for Human Rights International, n.d. https://www.youthforhumanrights.org/what-are-human-rights/videos/marriage-and-family.html. Soekanto, Soerjono. Pengantar Penelitian Hukum. 3rd ed. Universitas Indonesia, 2014. Territories, Trust. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1976). Zainuddin, Muhammad, and Aisyah Dinda Karina. “Penggunaan Metode Yuridis Normatif Dalam Membuktikan Kebenaran Pada Penelitian Hukum.” Smart Law Journal 2, no. 2 (2023): 114–23.
interfaith marriage, judge, legal discovery, marriage registration, rechtsvinding
Copyright (c) 2025 Efika Weny Meida Simatupang, Hammamtio, Erfina Yarly, Iwan Triadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Legal Protection for Gaslighting Victims: A Case Study of Mataram District Court Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus/2025/Pn Mtr
Gaslighting as a form of psychological violence is now a significant concern due to its serious impact on victims, particularly in the form of reality manipulation and self-doubt. Although the term gaslighting is not explicitly regulated in Indonesian criminal law, its practice can be found in the categories of psychological violence, sexual harassment, and abuse of trust. The Mataram District Court Decision Number 23/Pid.Sus/2025/PN Mtr is relevant to study because the panel of judges emphasized the elements of "abuse of trust" and "exploitation of the victim's vulnerability" in sentencing the defendant, which are consistent with the practice of gaslighting. This study uses a normative juridical method with a case study approach to the decision, supported by an analysis of legislation, victimology theory, and the concept of legal protection. The results show that the legal framework in Indonesia actually recognizes psychological violence, but its implementation in court is still limited. The main challenge lies in proving gaslighting because it is non-physical in nature, so that the testimony of the victim, expert witnesses, and digital evidence is very important. The Mataram District Court's ruling can be considered progressive because it imposed a severe sentence, but victim protection, particularly psychological recovery and restitution, still needs to be strengthened. Therefore, the development of more comprehensive evidentiary guidelines and policies is needed to ensure legal protection for gaslighting victims.
gaslighting, psychological violenc, legal protection
Copyright (c) 2025 Ranisa Diati, Cassis Merinthia Ariaprmuda, Glori K. Wadrianto, Irwan Triadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inhibiting Factors in Reducing Impulsive Behavior of Violent Crimes in Children in the Class I Special Child Development Institution in Kutoarjo
The phenomenon of children’s involvement in violent crimes remains a serious issue in the juvenile justice system in Indonesia, where impulsive behavior is one of the main factors driving legal violations. This study aims to analyze the inhibiting factors in reducing impulsive behavior among juvenile inmates at the Special Child Development Institution (Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak/LPKA) Class I Kutoarjo. The research employed a case study approach through in-depth interviews with structural officials and rehabilitation staff, as well as the analysis of relevant documentation. The findings indicate three major obstacles: limited budgets that reduce the variety of rehabilitation programs, the lack of supervision and support after release which often leads to behavioral relapse, and social adaptation dynamics within LPKA that are not always positive, as they may foster dominant group leaders with negative influence. These barriers hinder the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs intended to minimize impulsive behavior, and in some cases even reinforce deviant patterns among juveniles. The study concludes that the success of rehabilitation in reducing impulsivity cannot rely solely on internal LPKA programs but requires strong external support from families, communities, and conducive social environments. The implications highlight the need for more comprehensive policies, including strengthening rehabilitation budgets, optimizing post-release supervision, and managing social adaptation processes within the institution to ensure effective and sustainable rehabilitation outcomes.
Impulsive, LPKA, Supervision, Rehabilitation
Copyright (c) 2025 Iwan Kurniawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research With Incarcerated Youth in Indonesia: Methodological Considerations and Best Practices
Research involving incarcerated youth in Indonesia requires careful attention to both ethical and methodological considerations due to the dual vulnerabilities of this population: as minors and detainees within the correctional system. This qualitative study explores the ethical challenges faced by researchers in designing, collecting, and presenting data, with a focus on empowering and involving incarcerated youth throughout the research process. The study uses an instrumental case study within an action research design, incorporating reflective practices and collaboration with both the youth participants and correctional staff. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants from a Juvenile Correctional Facility (LPKA) in West Sumatra, Indonesia, including male youths (n=74) aged 14–19 and relevant stakeholders such as correctional officers. This participatory approach allowed youth to be actively engaged in all stages of the research, from the design to the data collection and analysis. The article highlights the need of research frameworks such as emancipatory pedagogy, empowerment theory, the transformative paradigm, and Positive Youth Development (PYD) to guide the research process, ensuring that ethical relationships are maintained and power imbalances are minimized. The findings emphasize the importance of social justice, reflexivity, and collaboration in research with vulnerable populations. Also, the findings show the needs of incarcerated youth take a central position when researching within juvenile correctional facilities. This paper contributes to the discourse on ethical research with incarcerated youth in Indonesia and advocates for justice-oriented methodologies that foster social change while respecting participants' autonomy and dignity. In doing so, research becomes not only a means of generating knowledge but also a catalyst for meaningful social change.
Incarcerated youth; research ethics; methodological considerations; Juvenile Correctional Center; Indonesia
Anak Binaan; etika penelitian; pertimbangan metodologis; Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak
Copyright (c) 2025 William Maxey, Hari Harjanto Setiawan, Sri Setiawati, Rudi Febriamansyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Expansion of Sumbawa Island Province in the Approach of Fiscal Capacity and Development Justice in Indonesia (Case Study of Sumbawa Island Region)
Regional expansion is very important in facilitating and accelerating public services but there are constraints of inadequate fiscal capacity so that support from the center is needed to increase the existing budget. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility of the expansion of the Sumbawa Island region (WPS) in terms of fiscal capacity. The research methods used are independence ratio, effectiveness ratio, and growth ratio. The results of the study are that based on the independence ratio to measure the level of dependence in supporting the expansion of Sumbawa Island and based on the average independence calculation ratio of 0.138% percent, meaning that the level of dependence of districts/cities on Sumbawa Island is in an instructive relationship pattern or very low according to the Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs Number. 690.900-327 of 1996 concerning guidelines for assessing financial performance, the effectiveness ratio to assess the financial performance of the realization of planned regional original income compared to the target set based on the average real potential of 96.92% percent, the regional government in utilizing the potential that is a source of regional original income is considered effective. And then the growth ratio or realization of the receipt of Regional Original Income (PAD) on average of 3.16% percent, shows that the regional government in managing the potential that is the source of regional original income is not good. The conclusion is that the expansion of Sumbawa Island has not been maximized. Therefore, the district/city government can formulate the right formula in order to utilize the potential resources in each region to be able to increase regional original income as an indicator of expansion.
Fiscal, Regional Expansion, Local Original Income.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sahrudin ., Abdul Azim Wahbi, Umar Anwar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Optimizing Health Services in Handling Skin Diseases in Indonesian Correctional Institutions
The overcrowding of inmates in correctional facilities has become a critical issue impacting various aspects, including the health of prisoners. Overcrowding often creates unhygienic conditions and challenges in maintaining personal cleanliness, thereby increasing the risk of disease transmission, particularly skin diseases. This situation is exacerbated by the limited healthcare services in correctional facilities, such as insufficient medical facilities, inadequate infrastructure, and a shortage of qualified healthcare workers. As a result, inmates suffering from skin diseases often do not receive optimal treatment, which ultimately affects their overall quality of life. This study aims to identify challenges in managing skin diseases in correctional facilities and propose strategic steps to improve the quality of healthcare services. The research adopts a literature review method by analyzing four relevant research journals on healthcare services in correctional facilities. Through this approach, the study seeks to provide in-depth insights into the factors hindering the effective management of skin diseases in correctional facilities and propose actionable solutions. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in formulating more effective and sustainable policies to enhance healthcare services in correctional facilities. Improved healthcare services could positively impact the health and well-being of inmates, aligning with the principles of human rights and public health equity.
Copyright (c) 2024 Sheravina Nurhadi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Inmate Self-Control to Prevent Sexual Deviant Behavior in Class IIB Tulungagung Correctional Institution
Human beings have basic needs or commonly called physiological needs which are divided into several types including the need for food (also including the nutritional content in it), water, oxygen, rest/sleep, freedom from pain, and sexual. If these basic needs are not met, it can have an impact on a person's life and tends to have a destructive effect on the individual. Prisoners are human beings whose rights are limited, in this case basic human rights are also restricted, namely the right to fulfill sexual needs. The problem formulation of this study is how the self-control of inmates to prevent the occurrence of sexual deviant behavior in Tulungagung Prison and what factors affect the success of self-control of inmates in Tulungagung Prison. This study aims to determine the self-control of inmates to prevent the occurrence of sexual deviant behavior in Tulungagung Prison and to find out the factors that affect the success of the Self-control of inmates in Tulungagung Prison. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collection was carried out by interview, observation, and documentation study methods at Tulungagung Prison. The informants from this study amounted to 5 people with 4 inmates and 1 Tulungagung Prison officer. The results of the study showed that inmates prevent sexual deviance by fulfilling aspects of self-control including behavioral control, cognitive control, and decision control. Some of the factors that can affect the success of inmate self-control include: conducting health screening, supervising, and revitalizing the family leave program. From this study, it can be concluded that sexual deviance can be avoided by self-control carried out by inmates and by strengthening factors that affect the success of inmates' self-control so that sexual deviance can be avoided.
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Qaedi Rifqi Nuranda (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of the Subang Class II Correctional Center in Minimizing Violent Crimes Against Adolescents Through the Bapas Goes To School Program
The Bapas Goes to School program implemented by the Class II Subang Correctional Center seeks to reduce the number of juvenile crimes by providing legal education and character building for junior high school students in Cisalak District and Junior high school 1 Cibogo, Subang Regency. This research analyzes the implementation of an outreach program targeting students, teachers and parents, and its impact on teenagers' understanding of the importance of obeying the law and preventing deviant behavior. This research uses descriptive qualitative methodology, by showing the benefits of data collection through interviews, observations and document analysis. The research results show that this socialization has effectively increased students' understanding of legal norms, character development and social skills. This approach also increases the involvement of teachers and parents in guiding teenagers to avoid adverse environmental impacts. This initiative raises collective awareness throughout society to prevent juvenile crime and is hoped to be replicated in other schools with similar situations. The Bapas Goes To School program not only provides direct benefits in increasing legal awareness but also can realize long-term reductions in juvenile delinquency rates in Cisalak District and Junior high school 1 Cibogo. The conclusion is that the implementation of the Bapas Goes to School program shows effectiveness in increasing students' understanding of the importance of legal norms, the value of responsibility, and the ability to make wise decisions
Correctional Center; Violence; Criminal; Teenager.
Copyright (c) 2024 Moch. Rival Aditya, Ali Muhammad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Language Barriers in the Rehabilitation Process of Foreign Assisted Prisoners in Class IIA Correctional Institution Banyuwangi
As the number of foreign prisoners from various countries with different language backgrounds increases, communication challenges become more apparent and complex. Effective communication is key in the implementation of rehabilitation programs, both in the process of delivering information, skills training, and mental and social development. However, language barriers often hinder the understanding and active participation of foreign prisoners in various rehabilitation activities. This study aims to analyze the language barriers faced by foreign prisoners in the rehabilitation process in correctional institutions. The research method used qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and participatory observation as the main techniques of data collection with correctional officers and foreign prisoners in correctional institutions. The results show that language barriers not only lead to miscommunication, but also have an impact on the psychological condition of foreign prisoners, such as feelings of alienation, stress, and low self-confidence. In addition, language differences among fellow foreign prisoners also create barriers to social interaction and collaboration in rehabilitation activities. This study recommends the use of professional translators, assistive technology tools for translation, as well as language training programs for officers and prisoners to improve communication and effectiveness of rehabilitation programs. It is expected that the results of this study can serve as a reference for policy makers to create rehabilitation programs that are more inclusive, effective, and adaptive to the needs of foreign prisoners
Copyright (c) 2025 Kharisma Huril'in, Selamet Raharjo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Holistic Approach to the Rehabilitation of Victims of Human Trafficking: An Indonesian Case Study
A holistic approach in the rehabilitation of victims of trafficking in persons plays an important role in restoring the physical, psychological, social, and economic conditions of victims. This research aims to explore the effectiveness of this approach in creating a holistic rehabilitation, based on national regulations such as Law No. 21 of 2007 and Law No. 35 of 2014. The research method applies a literature study approach by analyzing laws, rules, and norms. Data was collected from various sources such as books, journals, and regulations. The results show that a holistic approach has a significant impact on victim recovery, especially through the integration of services such as psychological counseling, job skills training, and economic empowerment. Cross-sector collaboration between the government, non-government organizations, and local communities is a key factor in the success of this approach. Findings also show the importance of reducing social stigma against victims to support their reintegration into society. In conclusion, a holistic approach not only helps victims recover individually but also promotes the prevention of re-exploitation. Further synergy between related sectors as well as continuous evaluation is needed to ensure the sustainability of this rehabilitation program.
Copyright (c) 2025 Syahezi Syam (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Effectiveness of the Independence Development Program on Improving the Work Readiness of Prisoners in Class IIA Kediri Prison
The aim of the correctional system is for inmates to become better people, aware of their mistakes, want to improve themselves, and not make mistakes breaking the rules. Based on Law Number 22 of 2022 and Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999, prisoners have the right to receive education, training and psychological support which plays a role in optimizing the development of prisoners' potential. This research uses qualitative research methods with a case study approach to gain an in-depth understanding of the effectiveness of the program. A qualitative approach was chosen because it aims to explore the experiences, views and perceptions of prisoners, prison officers and related parties regarding existing self-reliance programs. The research results show that independence development programs must pay attention to important aspects, such as the quality of relevant training, access to skills training that can be applied directly in the job market, and emphasis on positive personality development. Kediri Class IIA Prison can increase the effectiveness of the coaching program by strengthening collaboration with community institutions, the private sector and government agencies to open up more job opportunities and provide social support for former prisoners. With skills training tailored to the needs of the world of work, psychological support, and instilling positive values, this program aims to help prisoners build stable and independent lives. Support from the community and the private sector increases their chances of being accepted back into society and obtaining decent work, which is a key factor for successful reintegration. The conclusion is that the program for fostering independence and social reintegration for prisoners in Class IIA Kediri Prison has a crucial role in realizing correctional goals, namely returning prisoners to society as better, independent and productive individuals.
Training; fostering independence; social reintegration.
Copyright (c) 2024 Indaka Prasetyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Relationship between Negative Parenting and Delinquent Behavior in Children at the Special Children's Development Institution for Grade 1 Medan: A Literature Study
Neglectful parenting is often the cause ofthe emergence of delinquent behavior in children who are in the Child Special Development Institution (LPKA). This study aims to analyze the effect of neglectful parenting on delinquent behavior in foster children at LPKA Class 1 Medan, using an attachment theory approach. Neglectful parenting that ignores children's physical, emotional, and psychological needs has been shown to significantly contribute to the emergence of delinquent behavior, including aggressiveness, antisocial tendencies, and involvement in criminal acts. Social and economic environmental factors also exacerbate this condition, where children who grow up in a less supportive environment are more prone to engage in deviant behavior. This study confirms the importance of the family's role in creating secure emotional attachments and providing consistent attention to prevent children from falling into negative behaviors. A warm and responsive parenting pattern not only provides a sense of emotional security but also forms the basis for social development emotional security but also forms the basis for children's social, moral and intellectual development. Appropriate interventions, such as education for parents, community-based rehabilitation programs, and support from educational institutions, are needed to help children with negative parenting backgrounds, are needed to help children with a background of neglectful care.. With integrated interventions, it is hoped that the number of delinquent behaviors in children can be reduced, thus creating a better generation
Copyright (c) 2025 Novan Rizky Ramadan, Qisthina Aulia (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Literature Review: Implementation Of Rehabilitation Of Narcotics Prisoners Correctional Institution In Indonesian
Drug abuse has now become a global concern requiring a rehabilitative approach. The danger of drugs is increasingly evident with 5.5% of the world's population between ages 15-64 having used drugs. This danger has continued to increase over time, from 28,609 cases in 2014 to 49,983 in 2019. The widespread drug abuse indicates a concerning condition in Indonesian society. Correctional Institutions, as one of the involved parties, must progressively work to reduce drug abuse rates, one way being through rehabilitation programs for drug inmates. This research aims to analyze drug inmates who have narcotics cases to undergo rehabilitation. The researchers analyzed various findings and perspectives presented in five journals and one article through a literature review method to gain a deeper understanding of how rehabilitation programs are implemented and their effectiveness in the context of drug inmate rehabilitation. The analysis results show varying outcomes, ranging from well-functioning to less optimal programs. Efforts that can be implemented include a comprehensive and sustainable approach through improvements in infrastructure and medical equipment, recruitment, and intensive training for officers. The conclusion is that the rehabilitation services for narcotics inmates at the Indonesian Correctional Unit show varying results, ranging from those that run well to those that are less than optimal.
Copyright (c) 2024 Firnas Adani, Budi Priyatmono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Parenting of Fostered Children in Reducing the Rate of Recidivism in the Blitar Class I Special Children's Development Institution
Children are the successors and bearers of national responsibility. They must have sufficient opportunities to grow and develop comprehensively, encompassing physical, mental, social, and spiritual dimensions. Parenting is crucial in the process of child development. This study aims to examine parental care patterns that influence children in committing violent criminal acts, serving as a recommendation for Community Guidance Counselors (PK). The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach with direct observation of juvenile violent offenders and their parents. Findings reveal that permissive, authoritarian, and neglectful parenting styles significantly contribute to children's violent behavior. Parenting approaches that do not support children's moral, emotional, and social development emerge as a primary cause of criminal acts. Furthermore, family economic factors and internal family conflicts exacerbate the situation. The study recommends parenting-based coaching that optimally supports child development, with active PK involvement in providing interventions and advice to families. These results are expected to reduce recidivism and help children lead more positive lives.
Parenting Patterns, Parents, Juvenile Recidivism.
Copyright (c) 2024 M. FAROBI IMROH ABDILLAH (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategies for Improving the Moral Development of Assisted Children in Special Children's Development Institutions: A Literature Review
The high rate of violence against children and the increase in cases of children in conflict with the law are serious problems in Indonesia. Data from the Indonesian Child Protection Commission) recorded 141 cases of violence against children in early 2024, with 35% of them occurring in educational settings. In addition, the Directorate General of Corrections recorded nearly 2,000 children involved in legal cases in 2023. These conditions indicate that child protection has not been optimal, both in the family, school and community environments. This study aims to analyse the role of LPKA in implementing ethics-based educational guidance to improve the moral development of fostered children, while ensuring the fulfilment of their educational rights in accordance with Law No. 11/2012 on the Juvenile Justice System. This research uses a literature study method with a qualitative approach to examine the implementation of coaching programmes at LPKA, especially LPKA Class II Bandung. The results show that LPKA organises personality, mental, spiritual, intellectual, and community development programmes through formal and non-formal education. However, the effectiveness of this programme still needs to be improved, especially in terms of family support and social interaction of foster children. The discussion refers to Piaget and Lickona's theory of moral development, which emphasises the importance of moral knowledge, feelings and actions in the formation of children's character. The conclusion of this study confirms that educational coaching at LPKA plays an important role in improving children's morals and reducing the risk of recidivism..
Copyright (c) 2025 Aditya Saputra, Budi Priyatmono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0